What is Triiodothyronine (T3) & Why Is it Important for Athletes?

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Published on

May 22, 2025

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EDGE

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What Is Free T3?

Free T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone, directly responsible for regulating metabolism, energy use, and thermogenesis. It’s converted from T4 and is the most metabolically powerful thyroid hormone.

Athletes with disrupted T3 levels may struggle with recovery, fatigue, and poor adaptation to training.

"Free T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone and a sensitive marker of metabolic slowdown, often affected by under-fuelling or stress. I recommend testing T3 in conjunction with TSH and free T4, especially if you're noticing fatigue, poor recovery, or unexplained weight changes. Monitoring thyroid function every 6–12 months can help optimise training outcomes."

What are normal Triiodothyronine (T3) levels for athletes?

We looked at blood test data from EDGE customers and found the median triiodothyronine levels for women are 4.4 pmol/L and 4.9 pmol/L for men.

Here is a breakdown of Triiodothyronine (T3) levels by age:

Table 1: T3 Levels in Men and Women by Age Group (pmol/L)
Age Group Female Male
18-29 4.6 5.4
30-39 4.4 5
40-49 4.3 4.8
50-59 4.1 4.8
60+ 3.9 4.6

Source: EDGE customer blood test results Apr 2023 – March 2025.

The labs we used to analyse blood samples state a healthy range for Triiodothyronine (T3) is generally between 3.1-6.8 pmol/L.

Median T3 levels for male and female athletes in the UK, 2025.

How T3 Impacts Athletes

  1. Energy & Fatigue

    Low T3 can leave you feeling tired and cold, even with adequate rest. It can also impair muscle glycogen storage and slow down metabolic efficiency.

  2. Training & Recovery

    T3 influences protein synthesis and mitochondrial function. Suppressed levels can delay repair and slow aerobic adaptation.

  3. RED-S Indicator

    Low T3 is a classic sign of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) and often appears in athletes who are under-fuelling or overtraining.

Why Test Free T3?

  • To investigate chronic fatigue, low body temperature, or slow recovery

  • As part of a thyroid health check (with TSH and T4)

  • To assess metabolic function in high-volume training blocks

In Summary

  • T3 is your body’s active thyroid hormone, key for energy and metabolic health

  • Low T3 = poor fuelling, overtraining, or RED-S

  • Essential in endurance and body composition sports

Check Your T3 Levels

Check and monitor your T3 levels from home with our sports blood tests.

Check Your T3 Levels